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Piezo-University
Features and Applications of Piezoelectric Positioning Systems
Glossary
Symbols and Units
Introduction
Quick Facts
Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity
Fundamentals of Piezomechanics
Actuators and Sensors
Fundamentals of Piezoelectric Actuators
Dynamic Operation Fundamentals
Piezo Actuator Electrical Fundamentals
Control of Piezo Actuators and Stages
Environmental Conditions and Influences
Basic Designs of Piezoelectric Positioning Drives/Systems
Parallel and Serial Kinematics / Metrology
PMN Compared to PZT
Summary
Mounting and Handling Guidelines for Piezo Translators
Download / Support / Technotes
Get the PI Catalog

Piezo Actuators (PZTs)
Nanopositioning & Scanning Systems
Fast Steering Mirrors/
Active Optics
Nanometrology Sensors
Piezo Drivers & Nanopositioning Controllers
Micropositioning/
Hexapods
Photonics Alignment Solutions
Motion Controllers
Piezo Linear Motors & Stages

 
Piezo Tutorial: Symbols and Units
Piezo Actuator Product Overview
Piezo Ceramic Components Overview (PI Ceramic Website)
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A Surface area [m²] (meter²)
α Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) [K-¹] (1/kelvin)
C Capacitance (F) [A • s / V]
dij Piezo modulus (tensor components) [m/V] (meter/volt)
ds Distance, thickness [m] (meter)
Є Dielectric constant [A • s/V • m] (ampere · second / volt · meter)
E Electric field strength [V/m] (volt/meter)
f Operating frequency [Hz] (hertz = 1/second)
F Force [N] (newton)
f0 Unloaded resonant frequency [Hz] (hertz = 1/second)
g Acceleration due to gravity: 9.81 m/s² (meter/second2)
i Current [A] (ampere)
kS Stiffness of restraint (load) [N/m] (newton/meter)
kT Stiffness of piezo actuators [N/m] (newton/meter)
L0 Length of non-energized actuator [m] (meter)
∆L Change in length (displacement) [m]
∆L0 Nominal displacement with zero applied force, [m] (meter)
∆Lt=0.1 Displacement at time t = 0.1 sec after voltage change, [m] (meter)
m Mass [kg] (kilogram)
P Power [W] (watt)
Q Charge [C] (coulomb = ampere x second)
S Strain [iL/L] (dimensionless)
t Time [s] (second)
Tc Curie temperature [°C]
U Voltage [V] (volt)
Up-p Peak-to-peak voltage [V] (volt)
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