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Notes (Technical Data)
A2 Open loop travel @ 0 to 100 VTypical open loop travel at 0 to 100 V operating voltage. Max. operating voltage range is -20 to +120 V, short term only. For details see Lifetime of PZTs in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
A4 Open loop travel @ 0 to -1000 V
Typical open loop travel at 0 to -1000 V operating voltage. Translators with a max. operating voltage of -1000 V should not be operated above -700 V for long periods of time. Operation in the range of (+200 to -750 V) is recommended for max. lifetime and displacement. For details see Lifetime of PZTs in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
A5 Closed loop travel
Travel provided in closed loop operation. PI Piezo amplifiers have an output voltage range of -20 to +120 V to provide enough margin for the controller to compensate for load changes etc.
A6 Closed loop travel
Travel provided in closed loop operation. PI Piezo amplifiers have an output voltage range of -3 to -1100 V to provide enough margin for the controller to compensate for load changes etc.
A7 Max. operating voltage
Translators with a max. operating voltage of -1000 V should not be operated at voltages in excess of -700 V for long periods of time. Operation in the range of (+200 to -750 V) is recommended in closed loop for max. lifetime and displacement. Translators with a max. operating voltage of -1500 V should not be operated at voltages in excess of -1000 V for long periods of time. For details see Lifetime of PZTs in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
A8 Open loop travel @ 0 to +500 V
Typical open loop travel at 0 to +500 V operating voltage. Maximum operating voltage range is -100 to +600 V.
B Integrated feedback sensor
Absolute measuring capacitive and strain gage sensors (SGS) are used to provide position information to the controller. For details see High Resolution Sensors, page 4.34 in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
C1 Open loop resolution
Resolution of Piezo Actuators is basically infinite because it is not limited by stiction and friction. Instead of resolution, the noise equivalent motion is specified. Values are typical results (RMS, 1 s), measured with E-503 amplifier module in E-500/501 chassis. Slightly increased noise with E-505 amplifier module.
C2 Open loop resolution
Resolution of Piezo Actuators is basically infinite because it is not limited by stiction and friction. Instead of resolution, the noise equivalent motion is specified. Values are typical results (RMS, 1 s), measured with E-507 amplifier module in E-500/501 chassis. Slightly increased noise with E-420, 100 W amplifier module.
C3 Closed / open loop resolution
Resolution of Piezo Actuators is basically infinite because it is not limited by stiction and friction. Instead of resolution, the noise equivalent motion is specified. Values are typical results (RMS, 1 s), measured with E-503 amplifier module in E-500/501 chassis. Slightly increased noise with E-505 amplifier module.
C4 Closed / open loop resolution
Resolution of Piezo Actuators is basically infinite because it is not limited by stiction and friction. Instead of resolution, the noise equivalent motion is specified. Values are typical results (RMS, 1 s), measured with E-507 amplifier module in E-500/501 chassis. Slightly increased noise with E-420, 100 W amplifier module.
C6 Full range repeatability (typ.)
Typical values in closed loop mode. Repeatability is a percentage of the total angle traveled. For small ranges, repeatability is significantly better.
D1 Stiffness
Static large signal stiffness of the Piezo ceramics at room temperature with 0 V applied. Small signal stiffness and dynamic stiffness may differ significantly because of effects caused by the active nature of piezo material, compound effects, etc. For details see Stiffness in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
D2 Force generation (blocked) (in operating direction)
In most applications, Piezo translators are employed to produce displacement. If used in a restraint, they can generate forces. Force generation is always coupled with a reduction in displacement. The maximum force (blocked force) a piezo actuator can generate depends on its stiffness and maximum displacement. For details see Force Generation in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
D3 Push/pull force capacity (in operating direction)
Limited by the Piezo ceramic material and preload. If larger forces are applied, damage to the Piezo or the sensor can occur. The force limit must be considered in dynamic applications, too. Example: dynamic forces generated by sinusoidal operation at 1000 Hz, 2 µm peak-peak, 1 kg moved mass are approximately ± 40 N. For details see Mechanical Considerations for Dynamic Operation of PZTs in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
D6 Torque limit (at tip)
Maximum torque that can be applied to the tip before damage occurs. Limited by the Piezo ceramics and the case design. Use wrench flats where available to apply counter torque during mounting. For details see Mounting Guidelines in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
F1 Electrical capacitance
The Piezo capacitance values indicated in the technical data tables are small signal values (measured at 1 V, 1000 Hz, 20° C, no load; large signal values at room temperature: 30 to 50% up). The capacitance of Piezo ceramics changes with amplitude, temperature, and load, up to approximately 200% of the unloaded, small signal capacitance at room temperature. For detailed information on power requirements, refer to the amplifier frequency response graphs in the "Piezo Control Electronics" section.
F2 Dynamic operating current coefficient (DOCC)
Average electrical current (supplied by the amplifier) required to drive a piezo actuator per unit frequency and unit displacement (sine wave operation, open loop; up to 50 % more in closed loop operation). E.g. to find out if a selected amplifier can drive a given piezo actuator at 100 Hz with 5 µm amplitude, multiply DOCC by 100 and 5 and check if the result is smaller or equal to the output current of the selected amplifier. For details see Dynamic Operation (Analog) in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
G2 Unloaded resonant frequency (f0) First resonant frequency in operating direction (does not specify the maximum operating frequency). For details see Resonant Frequency in "Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning" section.
H2 Operating temperature range
Closed loop systems are calibrated for optimum performance at room temperature. Recalibration is recommended if operation is at a significantly higher or lower temperature.
J1 Voltage connection
Standard operating voltage connectors are LEMO type connectors.
VL: (Voltage Low) LEMO FFA.00.250, male. Cable: coaxial, RG 178, Teflon coated, 1m.
VH: (Voltage High) LEMO FFA.0A.250, male. Cable: coaxial, RG 174, PVC coated, 1m.
D: D-Sub special connector
PT: Teflon insulated pigtails, no connector.
For extension cables and adapters, see "Accessories" at the end of "Piezo Control Electronics" section.
J2 Sensor connection
Standard sensor connectors are LEMO type connectors.
C: LEMO FFA.00.250, female. Cable: Teflon, 1m.
L: LEMO FFA.0S.304, female. Cable: PUR, 1m.
D: D-Sub special connector
For extension cables and adapters, see "Accessories" at the end of "Piezo Control Electronics" section.
K Weight of translator without cables
Weight of strain gage sensor models is 1 to 3 g higher than open loop models. The typical weight of a 1 m voltage cable with LEMO connector is 19 g (VH) and 12 g (VL). The typical weight of a 1 m sensor cable with LEMO connector is 21 g.
L Material case / end pieces
Small amounts of other materials can be used internally (for spring preload, piezo coupling, mounting, thermal compensation, etc.). Ball tips are made of ferromagnetic steel.
Al: Aluminum.
N-S non magnetic stainless steel
S: ferromagnetic stainless steel
I: Invar
See reference list at the end of "Piezo Control Electronics" section.
