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Units and Dimensions

A: Surface area [mē] (meterē)

a: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) [K^-1] (1/Kelvin)

C: Capacitance (Farad) [As/V] (Ampere x second / Volt)

d_ij: Piezo modulus (tensor components) [m/V] (meter/Volt)

d_s: Distance, thickness [m] (meter)

e: Dielectric constant [As/Vm] (Ampere x Second / Volt x meter)

E: Electric field strength [V/m] (Volt/meter)

f: Operating frequency [Hz] (Hertz, 1/second)

F: Force [N] (Newton)

f₀: Unloaded resonant frequency [Hz] (Hertz, 1/second)

g: Acceleration due to gravity: 9.81 m/s² (meter/secondē)

i: Current [A] (Ampere)

k_S: Stiffness of restraint [N/m] (Newton/meter)

k_T: Stiffness of piezo actuator [N/m] (Newton/meter)

L₀: Length of non energized actuator [m] (meter)

L_R: Reduction of displacement [m] (meter)

DL: Change in length [m] (meter)

DL₀: Max. nominal displacement without applied force [m] (meter)

m: Mass [kg] (kilogram)

P: Power [W] (Watt)

Q: Charge [C] (Coulomb)

S: Strain [DL/L] (without Dimensions)

t: Time [s] (second)

U: Voltage [V] (Volt)

U_p-p: Peak-peak voltage [V] (Volt)

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